The day, when trees would shed down, most animals shrink down to extinction, with no chirping of birds anymore, an outbursts of new diseases and people found more on dead bed rather than their sleeping one isn’t something far from the happening. It’s just the matter of time that our environment would collapse down to this harshness of pollution. Things need to take a drastic turn and for that authorities should take a prompt action over this issue. As justice denied anywhere is threat to justice everywhere and its sheer injustice to compromise on citizen’s health. With the advent of this new era, new revolutions are also soon expected. As the constant degradation of environment has really harmed our future motives. With the help of this project I want to enlighten my audience about the upcoming industrial revolution. How can it change the dynamics of this city? While conducting this research, I also found a literature gap which needs to be filled and that's about the geological side of environmental degradation.
Health still remains the main concern of any operating authority which couldn’t be compromised at any cost. But in past few years, circumstances have changed a bit. It have been always a great debate that what role can healthy environment play in health department substantially. There have been many occasions on which this issue is raised to the utmost level. Yet there’s a certain picture which is unclear. With such tremendous amount of debate over this concern over spanning over a decade, what is that missing puzzle?
We gossip about solid waste management, environmental degradation and its ill effects over health and ways of managing it. But what are we not talking about limiting the production of these waste materials and our major stake holders, the literate and passionate youth. A Model of solid Waste Management Based Multilateral Co-operation in Semi-Urban Community could be an answer to this all because as I was going through International journal of Environmental science, I managed to peek at this eye-catching topic. The idea of focus group discussion with the leaders of all parts is an interesting way to collect the knowledge as being mentioned in one of the activities. (Chanchai Kanchanabhandhu)
The purpose is to develop a model solid waste management which should be brought to practice with other semi- urban communities. It seems to be quite proficient as it is a pristine concept of solving this long talked issue. When leaders of all parts would sit together and ponder, many issues could be easily resolved. This source clearly agrees on the concept of bringing forth a model authority which would even carry out some baseline surveys too and be operational at the same time.
As talking about the surveys, I went through a baseline survey conducted by UNESCAP. The main purpose behind this survey is to determine the quantity and composition of solid waste generated from households which form the largest proportion in the solid waste. The main objectives of this study are to determine household waste storage methods, social and cultural habits towards waste hygiene and cleanliness and also the roles of household members in managing waste, segregation of waste. It exploits the facts on gross route level and strongly agrees with the fact of production of heap of solid wastes from house hold. It is surprisingly higher in the more developed and literate areas of the city. The results clearly say for itself that education is never directly proportional to production of solid wastes. It’s more dependent over the sad reality, the more you eat, more mess you produce. After going through this survey these were some astonishing points. The study showed that the average household solid waste generation for the city of Karachi is estimated to be 0.44 kg/c/d ranging from 0.19 to 0.84 kg/c/d. (Baseline study for solid waste Managament-Karachi). Enlightenment measures should be taken like running different ads over cable network. While a team under supervision of Model solid waste management authority could do door to door movement in order to decrease the amount of household garbage production.
After going through this baseline survey which aid me in comprehending the production of garbage locality wise in Karachi. As I managed to gain some hand to hand information about garbage production now I moved to another step which was another source that how does solid waste management contributes to environmental degradation. There are many strict laws revolving around the impact of environmental degradation on human health and its relevance to the right to the health under international laws. So, for this purpose I went through European scientific journal. I was astounded that such laws exist and yet there is such lack of urgency around the globe. The enjoyment of human rights and its relationship with environment was first addressed in 1972 at UN conference which is known as Stockholm Declaration that quite vibrantly portrays the friendly picture of human with environment. The source states about I= PAT equation, which generalizes the fact that environmental impact (I) is due to aggregating population (p), gradually increasing economy (A) and pollution technology (T). The United Nations declared environmental degradation as one of the 10 major threats to human existence. It is widely acknowledged that the effect of dumping of toxic waste has link with the enjoyment of human rights. In 1995, a Special Rapporteur was set up by the Commission on Human Rights to investigate whether there was such a link (Dr Maryam Ishaku Gwangndi).
After contemplating with my own eyes, what is the international stance over this creeping issue? I picked up ISWA (International solid waste association) as my next source in conducting my research. As I was going through ISWA, I managed to peek at a global survey, the impact of 4th industrial revolution over solid waste management sector. Digitalization, robotisation and data sciences are strong technological drivers for change. The waste sector is clearly aware of the changes ahead of them. The introduction of sensors and robots is expected to revolutionize waste sorting and recycling. Driverless cars, artificial intelligence, 3D printers, drones are some of the things expected to bring drastic change to waste management. Fully Robotics Landfill operation is also on the charts and there is much more to look forward to. (Mavropoulos)
After going through such long literature review about production of waste materials, 4th industrial revolution effect on solid waste management and different international laws circulating around this issue. The only source which appealed me was the geophysical tests conducted on landfill sites which maybe done for a different purpose. But it gave me a sense that changing dynamics of landfill sites is also one of the major reason for corruption of environment. Tests like MASW, was conducted on landfill sites. Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) is a geophysical method that uses surface wave (Rayleigh wave) propagation to profile the subsurface. The result of an MASW survey is a 20-60 m depth profile of subsurface shear wave velocity (shear stiffness), without the need for a borehole. (B.P. Naveen). By reading this particular research paper on the tests conducted on landfill sites, it intrigues me to go into more depth of such geophysical tests. Because dynamic properties of landfill sites is an indispensable point to ponder upon. As Karachi got 2 major landfill sites over the area of 500 acres. It really tempts me to go into more depth because the constant environmental degradation may also finds its roots in these landfill sites. I thought this is maybe the missing slot.
Around 6,113 tons of garbage is generated in Karachi daily, out of which only 5,057 ton is disposed of. In a city of over 14 million, this is a major contributor to filth that hangs over the city. Karachi’s atmosphere is badly affected by motor vehicles plying on city roads. The city had a total of 2,177,315 vehicles by the end of 2005. During the last century an increase of 12 per cent of CO2 was recorded which caused the global warming.[1] According to the data published by Pakistan Air Quality Initiative (PAQI), (Fine Particulate Matter) PM2.5 values for Karachi in November and December, 2017 were 71, 71 respectively which is termed unhealthy.[2]
All the above research, points out towards the constant environmental degradation which is leading to severe health issues. https://collaboration.worldbank.org/groups/solid-waste-management it’s an online community brought up by World Bank which aims to achieve fluid knowledge sharing between solid waste management community members of all affiliations around the globe. There are major factors which are affecting increase in solid waste management that needs to be diminish, so to ensure quality of life. In this regard, Scavengers need to be monitored, dust bins should be readily available, and “Go Green" project could be the turning point in which the local bodies should be forced to act on and to plant trees within every nook or corner of the city.
Geological aspect is that gap which needs to be fill up as soon as possible. Because constant dumping at landfill sites is harming the earth crust so an alternative method should be devised. As, it being such a vast and widely talked topic. It’s really difficult to cover each and every aspect and while working on such megacity, it makes tough get information at hand. Political organizations are also one of the key factor limiting my access, as they are above different organizations like CDGK and Cantonment board, so would never reveal their slackness.
Solid waste production of Karachi is gradually increasing by each passing day. It has been a threatening condition because birth of problems is never an issue. But yes, when you are nurturing it yourself that’s where things can go from bad to the worst. After going through an immense literature it’s an eye opener for me because authorities are working with such negligence and devil may care attitude. God never change the fate of those, who don’t want to turn things around for themselves. It’s high time that the audience I am addressing to, should understand the gravity of situation. On the above site they can share their ideas at will and can also gain some informative knowledge, an environmental committee should be setup in every community which can look over the garbage disposal issues, Karachi has 2 landfill sites covering an area of 500 acres that is quite miniature for a city like this so new landfill sites could be setup, polythene bags should be banned.
A local acting body comprising of youth from age 17-23 could be form and youth should be inspired to work in that organization for at least 4 months and that would be compulsory for every undergraduate student to give 4 months in that local body. They would be trained under supervision of environmentalists and mechanical engineers who would nurture them and aspire them to work for this cause. Proper stipend with a credentials at their credits should be given so to boost the interest of youth.
We make the world we live in and we shape our environment so if today we burn the fossil fuel then tomorrow we might be fossil under the sea.
[1] https://www.dawn.com/news/258692 accessed on 04th May, 2018
[2] https://propakistani.pk/2017/12/18/air-quality-report-2017-heres-major-pakistani-cities-fared-year/ accessed on 04th May, 2018
Works cited
B.P. Naveen, T.G. Sitharam, P.V. Sivapullaiah. "Evaluation of dynamic properties of muicipal solid wastes by Geophysical tests." The journal of solid waste technology and managament (2017): 273-280. https://website.aub.edu.lb/ifi/programs/climate_change/Documents/articles/20180109_nadim_farajalla_peer_reviewed_journal_article.pdf.
Baseline study for solid waste Managament-Karachi. Baseline survey. Karachi: UNESCAP, 2012. http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/SWM-COMPLETE%20REPORT%20KARACHI%20%20%2012-Mar-13.pdf.
Chanchai Kanchanabhandhu, Seree Woraphong. "A Model of solid Waste Management Based Multilateral Co-operation in Semi-Urban Community." Intternational jouurnal of Environmental and science education (2016): 14. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1115661.pdf.
Dr Maryam Ishaku Gwangndi, Dr Yahya Abubakar Muhammad, Dr Sule Musa Tagi. "The Impact Of Environmental Degradation On Human Health And Its Relevance ToThe Right To Health Under International Law." European scientific journal European Scientific Journal April 2016 edition vol.12, No.10 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 (2016): 19 (2016): 485-503. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n10p485.
Mavropoulos, Antonis. "The impact of 4th industrial revoloution on waste managament sector." Global survey. 2017. The_Impact_of_the_4th_Industrial_Revolution_on_the_Waste_Management_Sector-WebVersion-2018.pdf.
Health still remains the main concern of any operating authority which couldn’t be compromised at any cost. But in past few years, circumstances have changed a bit. It have been always a great debate that what role can healthy environment play in health department substantially. There have been many occasions on which this issue is raised to the utmost level. Yet there’s a certain picture which is unclear. With such tremendous amount of debate over this concern over spanning over a decade, what is that missing puzzle?
We gossip about solid waste management, environmental degradation and its ill effects over health and ways of managing it. But what are we not talking about limiting the production of these waste materials and our major stake holders, the literate and passionate youth. A Model of solid Waste Management Based Multilateral Co-operation in Semi-Urban Community could be an answer to this all because as I was going through International journal of Environmental science, I managed to peek at this eye-catching topic. The idea of focus group discussion with the leaders of all parts is an interesting way to collect the knowledge as being mentioned in one of the activities. (Chanchai Kanchanabhandhu)
The purpose is to develop a model solid waste management which should be brought to practice with other semi- urban communities. It seems to be quite proficient as it is a pristine concept of solving this long talked issue. When leaders of all parts would sit together and ponder, many issues could be easily resolved. This source clearly agrees on the concept of bringing forth a model authority which would even carry out some baseline surveys too and be operational at the same time.
As talking about the surveys, I went through a baseline survey conducted by UNESCAP. The main purpose behind this survey is to determine the quantity and composition of solid waste generated from households which form the largest proportion in the solid waste. The main objectives of this study are to determine household waste storage methods, social and cultural habits towards waste hygiene and cleanliness and also the roles of household members in managing waste, segregation of waste. It exploits the facts on gross route level and strongly agrees with the fact of production of heap of solid wastes from house hold. It is surprisingly higher in the more developed and literate areas of the city. The results clearly say for itself that education is never directly proportional to production of solid wastes. It’s more dependent over the sad reality, the more you eat, more mess you produce. After going through this survey these were some astonishing points. The study showed that the average household solid waste generation for the city of Karachi is estimated to be 0.44 kg/c/d ranging from 0.19 to 0.84 kg/c/d. (Baseline study for solid waste Managament-Karachi). Enlightenment measures should be taken like running different ads over cable network. While a team under supervision of Model solid waste management authority could do door to door movement in order to decrease the amount of household garbage production.
After going through this baseline survey which aid me in comprehending the production of garbage locality wise in Karachi. As I managed to gain some hand to hand information about garbage production now I moved to another step which was another source that how does solid waste management contributes to environmental degradation. There are many strict laws revolving around the impact of environmental degradation on human health and its relevance to the right to the health under international laws. So, for this purpose I went through European scientific journal. I was astounded that such laws exist and yet there is such lack of urgency around the globe. The enjoyment of human rights and its relationship with environment was first addressed in 1972 at UN conference which is known as Stockholm Declaration that quite vibrantly portrays the friendly picture of human with environment. The source states about I= PAT equation, which generalizes the fact that environmental impact (I) is due to aggregating population (p), gradually increasing economy (A) and pollution technology (T). The United Nations declared environmental degradation as one of the 10 major threats to human existence. It is widely acknowledged that the effect of dumping of toxic waste has link with the enjoyment of human rights. In 1995, a Special Rapporteur was set up by the Commission on Human Rights to investigate whether there was such a link (Dr Maryam Ishaku Gwangndi).
After contemplating with my own eyes, what is the international stance over this creeping issue? I picked up ISWA (International solid waste association) as my next source in conducting my research. As I was going through ISWA, I managed to peek at a global survey, the impact of 4th industrial revolution over solid waste management sector. Digitalization, robotisation and data sciences are strong technological drivers for change. The waste sector is clearly aware of the changes ahead of them. The introduction of sensors and robots is expected to revolutionize waste sorting and recycling. Driverless cars, artificial intelligence, 3D printers, drones are some of the things expected to bring drastic change to waste management. Fully Robotics Landfill operation is also on the charts and there is much more to look forward to. (Mavropoulos)
After going through such long literature review about production of waste materials, 4th industrial revolution effect on solid waste management and different international laws circulating around this issue. The only source which appealed me was the geophysical tests conducted on landfill sites which maybe done for a different purpose. But it gave me a sense that changing dynamics of landfill sites is also one of the major reason for corruption of environment. Tests like MASW, was conducted on landfill sites. Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) is a geophysical method that uses surface wave (Rayleigh wave) propagation to profile the subsurface. The result of an MASW survey is a 20-60 m depth profile of subsurface shear wave velocity (shear stiffness), without the need for a borehole. (B.P. Naveen). By reading this particular research paper on the tests conducted on landfill sites, it intrigues me to go into more depth of such geophysical tests. Because dynamic properties of landfill sites is an indispensable point to ponder upon. As Karachi got 2 major landfill sites over the area of 500 acres. It really tempts me to go into more depth because the constant environmental degradation may also finds its roots in these landfill sites. I thought this is maybe the missing slot.
Around 6,113 tons of garbage is generated in Karachi daily, out of which only 5,057 ton is disposed of. In a city of over 14 million, this is a major contributor to filth that hangs over the city. Karachi’s atmosphere is badly affected by motor vehicles plying on city roads. The city had a total of 2,177,315 vehicles by the end of 2005. During the last century an increase of 12 per cent of CO2 was recorded which caused the global warming.[1] According to the data published by Pakistan Air Quality Initiative (PAQI), (Fine Particulate Matter) PM2.5 values for Karachi in November and December, 2017 were 71, 71 respectively which is termed unhealthy.[2]
All the above research, points out towards the constant environmental degradation which is leading to severe health issues. https://collaboration.worldbank.org/groups/solid-waste-management it’s an online community brought up by World Bank which aims to achieve fluid knowledge sharing between solid waste management community members of all affiliations around the globe. There are major factors which are affecting increase in solid waste management that needs to be diminish, so to ensure quality of life. In this regard, Scavengers need to be monitored, dust bins should be readily available, and “Go Green" project could be the turning point in which the local bodies should be forced to act on and to plant trees within every nook or corner of the city.
Geological aspect is that gap which needs to be fill up as soon as possible. Because constant dumping at landfill sites is harming the earth crust so an alternative method should be devised. As, it being such a vast and widely talked topic. It’s really difficult to cover each and every aspect and while working on such megacity, it makes tough get information at hand. Political organizations are also one of the key factor limiting my access, as they are above different organizations like CDGK and Cantonment board, so would never reveal their slackness.
Solid waste production of Karachi is gradually increasing by each passing day. It has been a threatening condition because birth of problems is never an issue. But yes, when you are nurturing it yourself that’s where things can go from bad to the worst. After going through an immense literature it’s an eye opener for me because authorities are working with such negligence and devil may care attitude. God never change the fate of those, who don’t want to turn things around for themselves. It’s high time that the audience I am addressing to, should understand the gravity of situation. On the above site they can share their ideas at will and can also gain some informative knowledge, an environmental committee should be setup in every community which can look over the garbage disposal issues, Karachi has 2 landfill sites covering an area of 500 acres that is quite miniature for a city like this so new landfill sites could be setup, polythene bags should be banned.
A local acting body comprising of youth from age 17-23 could be form and youth should be inspired to work in that organization for at least 4 months and that would be compulsory for every undergraduate student to give 4 months in that local body. They would be trained under supervision of environmentalists and mechanical engineers who would nurture them and aspire them to work for this cause. Proper stipend with a credentials at their credits should be given so to boost the interest of youth.
We make the world we live in and we shape our environment so if today we burn the fossil fuel then tomorrow we might be fossil under the sea.
[1] https://www.dawn.com/news/258692 accessed on 04th May, 2018
[2] https://propakistani.pk/2017/12/18/air-quality-report-2017-heres-major-pakistani-cities-fared-year/ accessed on 04th May, 2018
Works cited
B.P. Naveen, T.G. Sitharam, P.V. Sivapullaiah. "Evaluation of dynamic properties of muicipal solid wastes by Geophysical tests." The journal of solid waste technology and managament (2017): 273-280. https://website.aub.edu.lb/ifi/programs/climate_change/Documents/articles/20180109_nadim_farajalla_peer_reviewed_journal_article.pdf.
Baseline study for solid waste Managament-Karachi. Baseline survey. Karachi: UNESCAP, 2012. http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/SWM-COMPLETE%20REPORT%20KARACHI%20%20%2012-Mar-13.pdf.
Chanchai Kanchanabhandhu, Seree Woraphong. "A Model of solid Waste Management Based Multilateral Co-operation in Semi-Urban Community." Intternational jouurnal of Environmental and science education (2016): 14. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1115661.pdf.
Dr Maryam Ishaku Gwangndi, Dr Yahya Abubakar Muhammad, Dr Sule Musa Tagi. "The Impact Of Environmental Degradation On Human Health And Its Relevance ToThe Right To Health Under International Law." European scientific journal European Scientific Journal April 2016 edition vol.12, No.10 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 (2016): 19 (2016): 485-503. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n10p485.
Mavropoulos, Antonis. "The impact of 4th industrial revoloution on waste managament sector." Global survey. 2017. The_Impact_of_the_4th_Industrial_Revolution_on_the_Waste_Management_Sector-WebVersion-2018.pdf.
INTRODUCTION:
The day, when trees would shed down, most animals shrink down to extinction, with no chirping of birds anymore, an outbursts of new diseases and people found more on dead bed rather than their sleeping one isn’t something far from the happening. It’s just the matter of time that our environment would collapse down to this harshness of pollution. Things need to take a drastic turn and for that authorities should take a prompt action over this issue. As justice denied anywhere is threat to justice everywhere and its sheer injustice to compromise on citizen’s health. With the advent of this new era, new revolutions are also soon expected. As the constant degradation of environment has really harmed our future motives. With the help of this project I want to enlighten my audience about the upcoming industrial revolution. How can it change the dynamics of this city. While conducting this research, I also found a literature gap which needs to be filled and that's about the geological side of environmental degradation.
LITERATURE REVIEW:
Health still remains the main concern of any concerned authority which couldn’t be compromised at any cost. But in past few years, circumstances have changed a bit. It have been always a great debate that what role can healthy environment play in health department substantially. There have been many occasions on which this issue is raised to the utmost level. Yet there’s a certain picture which is unclear. With such tremendous amount of debate over this concern spanning over a decade, what is that missing puzzle?
We gossip about solid waste management, environmental degradation and its ill effects over health and ways of managing it. But what are we not talking about limiting the production of these waste materials and our major stake holders, the literate and passionate youth. A Model of solid Waste Management Based Multilateral Co-operation in Semi-Urban Community could be an answer to this all because as I was going through International journal of Environmental science, I managed to peek at this eye-catching topic. The idea of focus group discussion with the leaders of all parts is an interesting way to collect the knowledge as being mentioned in one of the activities.
The purpose is to develop a model solid waste management which should be brought to practice with other semi- urban communities. It seems to be quite proficient as it is a pristine concept of solving this long talked issue. When leaders of all parts would sit together and ponder, many issues could be easily resolved. This source clearly agrees on the concept of bringing forth a model authority which would even carry out some baseline surveys too and be operational at the same time.
As talking about the surveys, I went through a baseline survey conducted by UNESCAP. The main purpose behind this survey is to determine the quantity and composition of solid waste generated from households which form the largest proportion in the solid waste. The main objectives of this study are to determine household waste storage methods, social and cultural habits towards waste hygiene and cleanliness and also the roles of household members in managing waste, segregation of waste. This source exploits the facts on gross route level and strongly agrees with the fact of production of heap of solid wastes from house hold. It is surprisingly higher in the more developed and literate areas of the city. The results clearly say for itself that education is never directly proportional to production of solid wastes. It’s more dependent over the sad reality, the more you eat, more mess you produce. After going through this survey these were some astonishing points.
The day, when trees would shed down, most animals shrink down to extinction, with no chirping of birds anymore, an outbursts of new diseases and people found more on dead bed rather than their sleeping one isn’t something far from the happening. It’s just the matter of time that our environment would collapse down to this harshness of pollution. Things need to take a drastic turn and for that authorities should take a prompt action over this issue. As justice denied anywhere is threat to justice everywhere and its sheer injustice to compromise on citizen’s health. With the advent of this new era, new revolutions are also soon expected. As the constant degradation of environment has really harmed our future motives. With the help of this project I want to enlighten my audience about the upcoming industrial revolution. How can it change the dynamics of this city. While conducting this research, I also found a literature gap which needs to be filled and that's about the geological side of environmental degradation.
LITERATURE REVIEW:
Health still remains the main concern of any concerned authority which couldn’t be compromised at any cost. But in past few years, circumstances have changed a bit. It have been always a great debate that what role can healthy environment play in health department substantially. There have been many occasions on which this issue is raised to the utmost level. Yet there’s a certain picture which is unclear. With such tremendous amount of debate over this concern spanning over a decade, what is that missing puzzle?
We gossip about solid waste management, environmental degradation and its ill effects over health and ways of managing it. But what are we not talking about limiting the production of these waste materials and our major stake holders, the literate and passionate youth. A Model of solid Waste Management Based Multilateral Co-operation in Semi-Urban Community could be an answer to this all because as I was going through International journal of Environmental science, I managed to peek at this eye-catching topic. The idea of focus group discussion with the leaders of all parts is an interesting way to collect the knowledge as being mentioned in one of the activities.
The purpose is to develop a model solid waste management which should be brought to practice with other semi- urban communities. It seems to be quite proficient as it is a pristine concept of solving this long talked issue. When leaders of all parts would sit together and ponder, many issues could be easily resolved. This source clearly agrees on the concept of bringing forth a model authority which would even carry out some baseline surveys too and be operational at the same time.
As talking about the surveys, I went through a baseline survey conducted by UNESCAP. The main purpose behind this survey is to determine the quantity and composition of solid waste generated from households which form the largest proportion in the solid waste. The main objectives of this study are to determine household waste storage methods, social and cultural habits towards waste hygiene and cleanliness and also the roles of household members in managing waste, segregation of waste. This source exploits the facts on gross route level and strongly agrees with the fact of production of heap of solid wastes from house hold. It is surprisingly higher in the more developed and literate areas of the city. The results clearly say for itself that education is never directly proportional to production of solid wastes. It’s more dependent over the sad reality, the more you eat, more mess you produce. After going through this survey these were some astonishing points.