(1)
Chanchai Kanchanabhandhu, Seree Woraphong. "A Model of solid Waste Management Based Multilateral Co-operation in Semi-Urban Community." Intternational jouurnal of Environmental and science education2016, Vol. 11, no. 12, 5762-5775 (2016): 14. Accessed 22 june 2016.
Due to excessive garbage and solid waste, our environment is paying a heavy debt. Therefore, a young environmentalist like Chanchai Kanchabhandu could play their vital role in enlightening the general public about the trauma they are facing. A Doctoral Graduate in Environmental Education Program, Department of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Thailand research fellow. While the other contributor Seree Woraphong who is Director of Ph.D. Program in Environmental Education, Department of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Thailand. With such an immense experience about environmental condition much could be acquire from their piece of writings. It is a reliable source as it has gone through a proper channel of peer reviewing.
The source states about the Lateral cooperation concepts which finds its roots back in 1992 when first introduced by Dr. Parwase Wasi. At that time when ‘five-party co-operation’ concept reigned. So, the people from all parts plan, investigate and solve the problem. Environmental education process focuses on the promotion of attitude, behavior and value concerning maintenance, problem solution and development of the environment and life quality of human. In order to conduct this research the methodology follows questionnaires, in- depth interviews and efficiency evaluation. For this purpose different test were conducted and statistically a result was generated on favor. Its specific objectives were to 1) study the waste situation and involvements of 5774 C. KANCHANABHANDHU AND S. WORAPHONG community in waste management in Wangtaku Sub-district, Muang District, Nakhon Pathom Province; 2) develop a mode of solid waste management based on multilateral cooperation in the semi-urban community of Wangtaku Sub-district; and 3) evaluate the efficiency of the model. The source is evidently pointing towards environmental degradation and clarifying the issue that how can we elucidate it. The author here is trying to put an idea of developing a model solid waste management authority but his arguments were a bit vivid yet compulsive enough. Such ideas are really compelling as they tempt us to look matters differently. So, this source would aid me in developing a proper channel for eliminating this problem.
The source exquisitely indicate the environmental concerns followed by an amazing methodology to ponder upon. The above attached source would be very valuable in the research as it gives environmental education concept but most importantly gives the concept of a Model of Solid Waste Management Based Multilateral Co-operation in Semi-urban Community.
(2)
Baseline study for Solid waste management_Karachi. Separate Tropical technical report. Karachi: United Nations (ESCAP), 2012. Accessed 13 March 2012.
It’s a baseline survey which is conducted by ESCAP and its partners which undertakes solid waste assessments in all cities. The findings from these surveys provide critical information that helps in thought provoking initiatives towards these issues. As UNESCAP is the regional development arm of United Nation for Asia and Pacific region. So, the surveys conducted through this platform are noteworthy.
The main purpose behind this survey is to determine the quantity and composition of solid waste generated from households which form the largest proportion in the solid waste. The main objectives of this study are to determine household waste storage methods, social and cultural habits towards waste hygiene and cleanliness and also the roles of household members in managing waste, segregation of waste. The source clearly expose the current solid waste management system of the city. The source quite clearly points out towards the concerned authorities, what is their role and until now and what they are doing. It also explains the generation of household solid waste materials which vary in low, average and high income areas. Therefore, it’s a source which provides statistical information over generation of waste.
This source is quite indulging as it finds its roots deep in human behavior while generation of waste in households. It can easily talk to other sources as it can be easily cited for any scholarly article because this survey is efficiently conducted on generation of solid waste materials.
All told, I think it’s a worthy source because it being quite effectively summarizing the type of solid wastes generated and especially the amount of solid wastes in respect to low income, average income and high income areas. While at the same time this survey encourages us to take some fresh initiatives like developing of new Landfill sites, source segregation should be adopted while illegal dumping of solid wastes in drains can be avoided by awareness programs. So, in a nutshell this survey exhibits the current situation of the city.
Its quite a handy source as it can provide with all the necessary details of the household garbage production. While what are some of the measures taken by the authorities and who are the concerned ones.
(3)
Dr Maryam Ishaku Gwangndi, Dr Yahya Abubakar Muhammad, Dr Sule Musa Tagi. "The Impact Of Environmental Degradation On Human Health And Its Relevance ToThe Right To Health Under International Law." European Scientific Journal April 2016 edition vol.12, No.10 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 (2016): 19. Accessed April 2016.
The source credibility lies in the fact that it is a peer reviewed journal which means it follows a strict process of reviewing by different scholars. While it’s being written by 2 reputed associate professors Dr. Maryam and Dr. Yahya Abu-Bakr and a lecturer Dr. Sule Musa from Department of Public law. After doing some extensive research combined with some zealous efforts they were able to put up a topic such important as environmental degradation impact on human health.
The main point of this journal article is environment and how can it be degraded by several factors and after its degradation what are its consequences on human health. The enjoyment of human rights and its relationship with environment was first addressed in 1972 at UN conference which is known as Stockholm Declaration that quite vibrantly portrays the friendly picture of human with environment. The source states about I= PAT equation, which generalizes the fact that environmental impact (I) is due to aggregating population (p), gradually increasing economy (A) and pollution technology (T). The United Nations declared environmental degradation as one of the 10 major threats to human existence.
The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, also took note of the threat caused by environmental degradation on the enjoyment of human rights. It is widely acknowledged that the effect of dumping of toxic waste has link with the enjoyment of human rights. In 1995, a Special Rapporteur was set up by the Commission on Human Rights to investigate whether there was such a link. The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer was ac convention entered with a purpose of protecting human health and environmental against adverse effects resulting from human activities. Many such conventions, conferences and symposiums were held to embark the importance of healthy environment. Many other conventions such as The Basel convention, The Bio diversity convention, The United Nations Framework convention on climatic changes in 1992 set the basic standards for environmental degradation and its adverse effects on human health. This source summarizes all the important historic conventions, conferences held over this topic and combined it all together to give a basic idea of environmental degradation which can be caused by several different factors. The international norms relating to the right to health have made standards for evaluating states. Therefore all government, international organizations with different communities should agree on a similar page to fight against this vice.
It’s a well-articulated source as it pin points towards environmental degradation effects on human health and what kind of stance have been took by different international organization over this grieve matter. While at the same time this source talks to pollution caused by several factors which include improper disposal of solid waste too.
This source is really valuable as it points out towards the international stance over environmental degradation. While what are some of the strict policies and different conventions held over this creeping issue.
(4)
Mavropoulos, Antonis. "The impact of 4th industrial revoloution on waste managament sector." Global survey. 2017. Accessed june 2017.
This report presents the results of ISWA’s global survey on the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in waste management and recycling. As with the advent of new era when science is evolving more and more, we are basically moving towards a more diversified society. As it’s a report presented by ISWA (International solid waste association). This shows the credibility of the source.
This source quite exquisitely puts the idea of this ongoing revolution. 4th Industrial revolution is something we should expect to come in coming time, the way the things are shaping up. Well to be honest this survey is really important as it sums up about people’s knowledge about this revolution and what kind of wonders it can do for us. Because with passing time our needs are also aggravating so why not the technology be? While the answer is it’s surely going to be. Albert Einstein told us that we must think in a different way if we would like to change the status quo. The solid waste sector could be fundamental in paving the way of the transition to the new economy. While this survey showed very less people know about this dawn of new era but when told most think 4th industrial revolution would definitely affect the waste industry. Digitalization, robotisation and data sciences are strong technological drivers for change. The waste sector is clearly aware of the changes ahead of them. The introduction of sensors and robots is expected to revolutionize waste sorting and recycling. Driverless cars, artificial intelligence, 3D printers, drones are some of the things expected to bring drastic change to waste management. Fully Robotics Landfill operation is also on the charts and there is much more to look forward to. This survey quite clearly summarizes the fact that the people are quite aware of these drastic changes and much is also done to make these ideas a reality. Circular economy for plastics is also on the charts.
It’s a finely observed survey which reminds us of the new era we are heading to. What should we do to educate more people about this? While how modern technology can solve the problem of solid waste management. Therefore, this survey takes us one step ahead and let us think more broadly that how to to deal with this issue.
(5)
B.P. Naveen, T.G. Sitharam, P.V. Sivapullaiah. "Evaluation of dynamic properties of muicipal solid wastes by Geophysical tests." The journal of solid waste technology and managament (2017): 273-280.
It’s one of the most reputed journals while the authors of this article are eligible enough as they being the professionals of their field. This journal article is inscribed on the basis of a survey involving some pristine methods to evaluate the dynamic properties of landfill sites and some tests carried by the experts.
Landfill design needs to consider dynamic properties for safety not only under static conditions, but also under dynamic loading conditions. So, in recent times geological surveys are becoming more and more common. The landfill was surveyed up to a length of about 25m from the top level. The deposit consisted of uncompact waste up to a depth 6m with Shear wave velocity of 74 to 130m/s. In-situ testing is the most reliable method for evaluating the dynamic properties of municipal solid waste in landfill. These tests were carried out at Mavallipura Landfill sites. These tests include MASW test. Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) is a geophysical method that uses surface wave (Rayleigh wave) propagation to profile the subsurface. The result of an MASW survey is a 20-60 m depth profile of subsurface shear wave velocity (shear stiffness), without the need for a borehole. Surveys may be completed in 1D or 2D. It was done by first field measurement, then study area details and then carrying of the required test. The seismic site characterization for the Mavallipura landfill site at Bangalore was performed using MASW. Major conclusions of this paper involves; Based on seismic survey results shows that the shear wave velocity increase from 90-130m/s at 10-15m depth due to mixture of soil and waste. Based on the site characterization at landfill site, it was found that the Mavallipura landfill site can be categorized as very loose and it is still in a degradation process.
By reading this particular research paper on the tests conducted on landfill sites, it intrigues me to go into more depth of such geophysical tests. Because dynamic properties of landfill sites is an indispensable point to ponder upon. As Karachi got 2 major landfill sites over the area of 500 acres. It really tempts me to go into more depth because the constant environmental degradation may also finds its roots in these landfill sites. It’s a very well composed paper with different tests and their following results which draws out some important conclusions based on those observations.
Chanchai Kanchanabhandhu, Seree Woraphong. "A Model of solid Waste Management Based Multilateral Co-operation in Semi-Urban Community." Intternational jouurnal of Environmental and science education2016, Vol. 11, no. 12, 5762-5775 (2016): 14. Accessed 22 june 2016.
Due to excessive garbage and solid waste, our environment is paying a heavy debt. Therefore, a young environmentalist like Chanchai Kanchabhandu could play their vital role in enlightening the general public about the trauma they are facing. A Doctoral Graduate in Environmental Education Program, Department of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Thailand research fellow. While the other contributor Seree Woraphong who is Director of Ph.D. Program in Environmental Education, Department of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Thailand. With such an immense experience about environmental condition much could be acquire from their piece of writings. It is a reliable source as it has gone through a proper channel of peer reviewing.
The source states about the Lateral cooperation concepts which finds its roots back in 1992 when first introduced by Dr. Parwase Wasi. At that time when ‘five-party co-operation’ concept reigned. So, the people from all parts plan, investigate and solve the problem. Environmental education process focuses on the promotion of attitude, behavior and value concerning maintenance, problem solution and development of the environment and life quality of human. In order to conduct this research the methodology follows questionnaires, in- depth interviews and efficiency evaluation. For this purpose different test were conducted and statistically a result was generated on favor. Its specific objectives were to 1) study the waste situation and involvements of 5774 C. KANCHANABHANDHU AND S. WORAPHONG community in waste management in Wangtaku Sub-district, Muang District, Nakhon Pathom Province; 2) develop a mode of solid waste management based on multilateral cooperation in the semi-urban community of Wangtaku Sub-district; and 3) evaluate the efficiency of the model. The source is evidently pointing towards environmental degradation and clarifying the issue that how can we elucidate it. The author here is trying to put an idea of developing a model solid waste management authority but his arguments were a bit vivid yet compulsive enough. Such ideas are really compelling as they tempt us to look matters differently. So, this source would aid me in developing a proper channel for eliminating this problem.
The source exquisitely indicate the environmental concerns followed by an amazing methodology to ponder upon. The above attached source would be very valuable in the research as it gives environmental education concept but most importantly gives the concept of a Model of Solid Waste Management Based Multilateral Co-operation in Semi-urban Community.
(2)
Baseline study for Solid waste management_Karachi. Separate Tropical technical report. Karachi: United Nations (ESCAP), 2012. Accessed 13 March 2012.
It’s a baseline survey which is conducted by ESCAP and its partners which undertakes solid waste assessments in all cities. The findings from these surveys provide critical information that helps in thought provoking initiatives towards these issues. As UNESCAP is the regional development arm of United Nation for Asia and Pacific region. So, the surveys conducted through this platform are noteworthy.
The main purpose behind this survey is to determine the quantity and composition of solid waste generated from households which form the largest proportion in the solid waste. The main objectives of this study are to determine household waste storage methods, social and cultural habits towards waste hygiene and cleanliness and also the roles of household members in managing waste, segregation of waste. The source clearly expose the current solid waste management system of the city. The source quite clearly points out towards the concerned authorities, what is their role and until now and what they are doing. It also explains the generation of household solid waste materials which vary in low, average and high income areas. Therefore, it’s a source which provides statistical information over generation of waste.
This source is quite indulging as it finds its roots deep in human behavior while generation of waste in households. It can easily talk to other sources as it can be easily cited for any scholarly article because this survey is efficiently conducted on generation of solid waste materials.
All told, I think it’s a worthy source because it being quite effectively summarizing the type of solid wastes generated and especially the amount of solid wastes in respect to low income, average income and high income areas. While at the same time this survey encourages us to take some fresh initiatives like developing of new Landfill sites, source segregation should be adopted while illegal dumping of solid wastes in drains can be avoided by awareness programs. So, in a nutshell this survey exhibits the current situation of the city.
Its quite a handy source as it can provide with all the necessary details of the household garbage production. While what are some of the measures taken by the authorities and who are the concerned ones.
(3)
Dr Maryam Ishaku Gwangndi, Dr Yahya Abubakar Muhammad, Dr Sule Musa Tagi. "The Impact Of Environmental Degradation On Human Health And Its Relevance ToThe Right To Health Under International Law." European Scientific Journal April 2016 edition vol.12, No.10 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 (2016): 19. Accessed April 2016.
The source credibility lies in the fact that it is a peer reviewed journal which means it follows a strict process of reviewing by different scholars. While it’s being written by 2 reputed associate professors Dr. Maryam and Dr. Yahya Abu-Bakr and a lecturer Dr. Sule Musa from Department of Public law. After doing some extensive research combined with some zealous efforts they were able to put up a topic such important as environmental degradation impact on human health.
The main point of this journal article is environment and how can it be degraded by several factors and after its degradation what are its consequences on human health. The enjoyment of human rights and its relationship with environment was first addressed in 1972 at UN conference which is known as Stockholm Declaration that quite vibrantly portrays the friendly picture of human with environment. The source states about I= PAT equation, which generalizes the fact that environmental impact (I) is due to aggregating population (p), gradually increasing economy (A) and pollution technology (T). The United Nations declared environmental degradation as one of the 10 major threats to human existence.
The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, also took note of the threat caused by environmental degradation on the enjoyment of human rights. It is widely acknowledged that the effect of dumping of toxic waste has link with the enjoyment of human rights. In 1995, a Special Rapporteur was set up by the Commission on Human Rights to investigate whether there was such a link. The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer was ac convention entered with a purpose of protecting human health and environmental against adverse effects resulting from human activities. Many such conventions, conferences and symposiums were held to embark the importance of healthy environment. Many other conventions such as The Basel convention, The Bio diversity convention, The United Nations Framework convention on climatic changes in 1992 set the basic standards for environmental degradation and its adverse effects on human health. This source summarizes all the important historic conventions, conferences held over this topic and combined it all together to give a basic idea of environmental degradation which can be caused by several different factors. The international norms relating to the right to health have made standards for evaluating states. Therefore all government, international organizations with different communities should agree on a similar page to fight against this vice.
It’s a well-articulated source as it pin points towards environmental degradation effects on human health and what kind of stance have been took by different international organization over this grieve matter. While at the same time this source talks to pollution caused by several factors which include improper disposal of solid waste too.
This source is really valuable as it points out towards the international stance over environmental degradation. While what are some of the strict policies and different conventions held over this creeping issue.
(4)
Mavropoulos, Antonis. "The impact of 4th industrial revoloution on waste managament sector." Global survey. 2017. Accessed june 2017.
This report presents the results of ISWA’s global survey on the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in waste management and recycling. As with the advent of new era when science is evolving more and more, we are basically moving towards a more diversified society. As it’s a report presented by ISWA (International solid waste association). This shows the credibility of the source.
This source quite exquisitely puts the idea of this ongoing revolution. 4th Industrial revolution is something we should expect to come in coming time, the way the things are shaping up. Well to be honest this survey is really important as it sums up about people’s knowledge about this revolution and what kind of wonders it can do for us. Because with passing time our needs are also aggravating so why not the technology be? While the answer is it’s surely going to be. Albert Einstein told us that we must think in a different way if we would like to change the status quo. The solid waste sector could be fundamental in paving the way of the transition to the new economy. While this survey showed very less people know about this dawn of new era but when told most think 4th industrial revolution would definitely affect the waste industry. Digitalization, robotisation and data sciences are strong technological drivers for change. The waste sector is clearly aware of the changes ahead of them. The introduction of sensors and robots is expected to revolutionize waste sorting and recycling. Driverless cars, artificial intelligence, 3D printers, drones are some of the things expected to bring drastic change to waste management. Fully Robotics Landfill operation is also on the charts and there is much more to look forward to. This survey quite clearly summarizes the fact that the people are quite aware of these drastic changes and much is also done to make these ideas a reality. Circular economy for plastics is also on the charts.
It’s a finely observed survey which reminds us of the new era we are heading to. What should we do to educate more people about this? While how modern technology can solve the problem of solid waste management. Therefore, this survey takes us one step ahead and let us think more broadly that how to to deal with this issue.
(5)
B.P. Naveen, T.G. Sitharam, P.V. Sivapullaiah. "Evaluation of dynamic properties of muicipal solid wastes by Geophysical tests." The journal of solid waste technology and managament (2017): 273-280.
It’s one of the most reputed journals while the authors of this article are eligible enough as they being the professionals of their field. This journal article is inscribed on the basis of a survey involving some pristine methods to evaluate the dynamic properties of landfill sites and some tests carried by the experts.
Landfill design needs to consider dynamic properties for safety not only under static conditions, but also under dynamic loading conditions. So, in recent times geological surveys are becoming more and more common. The landfill was surveyed up to a length of about 25m from the top level. The deposit consisted of uncompact waste up to a depth 6m with Shear wave velocity of 74 to 130m/s. In-situ testing is the most reliable method for evaluating the dynamic properties of municipal solid waste in landfill. These tests were carried out at Mavallipura Landfill sites. These tests include MASW test. Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) is a geophysical method that uses surface wave (Rayleigh wave) propagation to profile the subsurface. The result of an MASW survey is a 20-60 m depth profile of subsurface shear wave velocity (shear stiffness), without the need for a borehole. Surveys may be completed in 1D or 2D. It was done by first field measurement, then study area details and then carrying of the required test. The seismic site characterization for the Mavallipura landfill site at Bangalore was performed using MASW. Major conclusions of this paper involves; Based on seismic survey results shows that the shear wave velocity increase from 90-130m/s at 10-15m depth due to mixture of soil and waste. Based on the site characterization at landfill site, it was found that the Mavallipura landfill site can be categorized as very loose and it is still in a degradation process.
By reading this particular research paper on the tests conducted on landfill sites, it intrigues me to go into more depth of such geophysical tests. Because dynamic properties of landfill sites is an indispensable point to ponder upon. As Karachi got 2 major landfill sites over the area of 500 acres. It really tempts me to go into more depth because the constant environmental degradation may also finds its roots in these landfill sites. It’s a very well composed paper with different tests and their following results which draws out some important conclusions based on those observations.